Перевод: с английского на русский

с русского на английский

С русского на:
Английский
С английского на:
Все языки
Итальянский
Русский

time-to-market cycle

Толкование Перевод

1 time-to-market cycle

Автоматика: период изготовления изделия до поступления на рынок

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > time-to-market cycle
2 time-to-market cycle

период изготовления изделия до поступления на рынок

English-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > time-to-market cycle
3 cycle

1) цикл; период || включать цикл, включать рабочий цикл

2) циркулировать по кругу

•

cycles for rupture — число циклов нагружения до разрушения

in one complete cycle — за один рабочий цикл, за один полный рабочий цикл

to restart cycle — повторять цикл ( обработки)

- access cycle
- accumulation cycle
- adapted working cycle
- alternating stress cycle
- automatic depth cycle
- automatic machine cycle
- automatic probing cycle
- automatic repeat cycle
- brake cycle
- branching cycle
- brazing thermal cycle
- built-in cycle
- canned cycle
- Carnot cycle
- chained cycle
- clock cycle
- closed cycle
- CNC cycle
- CNC-programmed cycle
- CNC-programmed fixed cycle
- command tool probing cycle
- complete cycle
- complete machining cycle
- completing cycle
- component drain cycle
- correction cycle
- CPD cycle
- custom machining cycle
- cutting cycle
- cycle of steady motion
- design-evaluate-redesign cycle
- design-to-manufacturing cycle
- design-to-production cycle
- dog-controlled cycle
- dry cycle
- duty cycle
- fatigue cycle
- fixed control cycle
- fixed cycle
- fixed machining cycle
- flexible cycle
- four-stroke cycle
- good machining cycle
- half cycle
- heavy stock removal cycle
- high-volume cycle
- ideal cycle
- image-processing cycle
- innovation cycle
- inspection cycle
- inter-operation probing cycles
- iteration cycle
- jamming cycle
- laser heating cycle
- last program cycle
- life cycle
- limit cycle
- lube cycle
- machining cycle
- major cycle
- manufacturing cycle
- measurement cycle
- mesh cycle
- minor cycle
- one-hit cycle
- open cycle
- operating cycle
- orbiting cycle
- pallet transfer cycle
- pecking cycle
- potted cycle
- previous cycle
- print cycle
- probe cycle
- probing cycle
- process cycle
- product cycle
- product life cycle
- production cycle
- programmed cycle
- programmed wear cycle
- pulse repetition cycle
- read cycle
- regrind cycle
- repair cycle
- repeat cycles
- repetitive cycle
- repetitive dressing cycle
- reversed stress cycle
- rough-turning cycle
- routine cycle
- routine drill cycles
- routine mill cycles
- search cycle
- semiautomatic cycle
- setup cycle
- short duty cycle
- signal cycle
- single pass working cycle
- soldering thermal cycle
- specialized machining cycle
- standard cycle
- standard thread cutting cycle
- start-stop cycle
- storage cycle
- stored program cycle
- stress cycle
- tapping cycle
- test cycle
- time cycle
- time-to-market cycle
- total time cycle
- transfer cycle from pallet to pallet
- typical machining cycle
- variable cycle
- woodpecker cycle
- work cycle
- write cycle

English-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > cycle
4 analysis

n

1) (pl analyses)

2) анализ, изучение, исследование

3) статистическая таблица (цифровой материал)

- accuracy analysis
- activity analysis
- aggregate analysis
- approximate analysis
- balance-sheet analysis
- batch analysis
- benefit-risk analysis
- break-even analysis
- budget analysis
- business analysis
- business cycle analysis
- careful analysis
- cash flow analysis
- check analysis
- commodity analysis
- comparative analysis
- competitiveness analysis
- complete analysis
- complex analysis
- comprehensive analysis
- computer-aided analysis
- consumer analysis
- continuous analysis
- contrastive analysis
- cost analysis
- correlation analysis
- cost-benefit analysis
- cost-effectiveness analysis
- cost-performance analysis
- cost-sensitivity analysis
- country collectibility analysis
- critical path analysis
- cross-impact analysis
- cyclical analysis
- data analysis
- decision analysis
- decision-flow analysis
- demand analysis
- demand-consumption analysis
- demand-supply analysis
- design analysis
- detailed analysis
- diagnostic analysis
- discriminant analysis
- discriminatory analysis
- downward analysis
- ecological analysis
- economic analysis
- economical analysis
- empirical analysis
- end-point analysis
- engineering analysis
- engineering-economic analysis
- environmental analysis
- equipment quality analysis
- error analysis
- ex ante analysis
- expenses analysis
- ex post analysis
- express analysis
- factor analysis
- failure analysis
- feasibility analysis
- field analysis
- field complaint analysis
- field return analysis
- financial analysis
- financial ratio analysis
- financial statement analysis
- fiscal analysis
- flow-of-funds analysis
- formal analysis
- functional-cost analysis
- fundamental analysis
- funds analysis
- game-theoretic analysis
- gap analysis
- global analysis
- graphical analysis
- gross profit analysis
- horizontal analysis
- income analysis
- income-expenditure analysis
- in-depth analysis
- indicator analysis
- input-output analysis
- interaction analysis
- interindustry analysis
- inventory analysis
- investment analysis
- job analysis
- laboratory analysis
- least-square
- liquidity preference analysis
- long-run analysis
- loss analysis
- lot analysis
- macroeconomic analysis
- maintainability analysis
- maintenance analysis
- marginal analysis
- market analysis
- marketing cost analysis
- marketing plan analysis
- market opportunity analysis
- market situation analysis
- market structure analysis
- market trend analysis
- mechanical analysis
- media analysis
- money-flow analysis
- motion analysis
- motivation research analysis
- needs analysis
- network analysis
- normative analysis
- numerical analysis
- observational analysis
- on-line analysis
- operating analysis
- operating cost analysis
- operation analysis
- opportunity analysis
- order analysis
- organizational structure analysis
- overhead analysis
- partial analysis
- performance analysis
- performance degradation analysis
- periodic analysis
- pilot analysis
- population analysis
- portfolio analysis
- preinvestment analysis
- preliminary analysis
- price analysis
- primary analysis
- priority analysis
- process analysis
- product analysis
- product quality analysis
- profit analysis
- profitability analysis
- qualitative analysis
- quality analysis
- quality cost analysis
- quantitative analysis
- queueing analysis
- quick analysis
- ranging analysis
- rapid analysis
- ratio analysis
- real-time analysis
- relevance analysis
- reliability analysis
- reliability variation analysis
- risk analysis
- safety analysis
- sales analysis
- sales mix analysis
- sample analysis
- sampling analysis
- savings-investment analysis
- scrap-cost analysis
- sensitivity analysis
- sequential analysis
- short-cut analysis
- short-run analysis
- short-term analysis
- simulation analysis
- solvency analysis
- statement analysis
- statistical analysis
- stock analysis
- structural analysis
- subjective analysis
- supply analysis
- system's analysis
- tabular analysis
- team analysis
- thorough analysis
- time analysis
- time-series analysis
- total time analysis
- trade-off analysis
- trend analysis
- transaction cost analysis
- upward trend analysis
- value analysis
- value engineering analysis
- variance analysis
- vector analysis
- weather analysis
- worst-case analysis
- workload analysis
- X-ray analysis
- analysis by economic sector
- analysis of accounts
- analysis of assets and liabilities by maturities
- analysis of business activity
- analysis of corporate cash flows
- analysis of economic activity
- analysis of the economic performance of an enterprise
- analysis of feasibility
- analysis of foreign currency position
- analysis of the future development
- analysis of indices dynamics
- analysis of the market situation
- analysis of prediction
- analysis of profitability
- analysis of results
- carry out analysis
- make analysis

English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > analysis
5 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

back to top

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

back to top

Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
"
Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
"
Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
"
Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
"
Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
"
provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
"
not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

back to top

Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
"
an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
"
further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

————————————————————————————————————————

Page 5
"
GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
"
————————————————————————————————————————

Page 6

GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

————————————————————————————————————————

Page 7

GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

————————————————————————————————————————

Page 8

64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
6 cost

1. n

1) цена; стоимость; себестоимость

2) обыкн. pl расходы, издержки, затраты

3) pl судебные издержки, судебные расходы

- absorbed costs
- accident costs
- acquisition cost
- actual cost
- actual costs
- actual manufacturing cost
- added cost
- additional cost
- adjusted historical cost
- administration costs
- administrative costs
- administrative and management costs
- administrative and operational services costs
- advertising costs
- after costs
- after-shipment costs
- aggregate costs
- agreed cost
- airfreight cost
- allocable costs
- allowable costs
- alternative costs
- amortization costs
- amortized cost
- ancillary costs
- annual costs
- anticipated costs
- applied cost
- arbitration costs
- assembly costs
- assessed cost
- average cost
- average costs
- average cost per unit
- average variable costs
- avoidable costs
- back-order costs
- basic cost
- billed cost
- book cost
- borrowing cost
- breakage cost
- break-even costs
- budget costs
- budgeted cost
- budgeted costs
- budgeted operating costs
- building costs
- burden costs
- calculated costs
- capacity costs
- capital costs
- capital floatation costs
- carriage costs
- carrying cost
- carrying costs
- centrally-managed costs
- changeover costs
- cleaning costs
- clerical costs
- closing costs
- collection costs
- combined cost
- commercial cost
- commercial costs
- committed costs
- common staff costs
- comparative costs
- competitive costs
- competitive marginal costs
- complaint costs
- conditional cost
- consequential costs
- considerable costs
- constant cost
- constant costs
- construction costs
- contract cost
- contractual costs
- controllable costs
- court costs
- crane costs
- credit costs
- cumulative costs
- current cost
- current costs
- current outlay costs
- current standard cost
- cycle inventory costs
- debt-servicing costs
- declining costs
- decorating costs
- decreasing costs
- defect costs
- defence costs
- deferred costs
- deficiency costs
- degressive costs
- delivery costs
- departmental costs
- depleted cost
- depreciable cost
- depreciated cost
- depreciated replacement cost
- depreciation costs
- designing costs
- deterioration costs
- development costs
- differential costs
- direct costs
- direct labour costs
- direct operating costs
- direct payroll costs
- discretionary fixed costs
- dismantling costs
- distribution costs
- distribution marketing cost
- domestic resource costs
- double-weighted borrowing cost
- downtime costs
- economic costs
- eligible costs
- engineering costs
- entry cost
- environmental costs
- equipment capital costs
- erection costs
- escalating costs
- escapable costs
- estimated cost
- estimated costs
- evaluation cost
- excess cost
- excess costs
- excessive costs
- exhibition costs
- exploration costs
- extra costs
- extra and extraordinary costs
- extraordinary costs
- fabrication cost
- factor cost
- factor costs
- factory cost
- factory costs
- factory overhead costs
- failure costs
- farm production costs
- farmer's cost
- farming costs
- feed costs
- fertilizing costs
- final cost
- financial costs
- financing costs
- first cost
- fixed costs
- fixed capital replacement costs
- flat cost
- floatation costs
- food costs
- foreign housing costs
- formation costs
- freight costs
- fuel costs
- full cost
- full costs
- funding cost
- general costs
- general running costs
- government-controlled production costs
- guarantee costs
- harvesting costs
- haul costs
- haulage costs
- heavy costs
- hedging cost
- hidden costs
- high cost
- hiring costs
- historical cost
- hospitality costs
- hotel costs
- hourly costs
- idle capacity costs
- idle time costs
- implicit costs
- implied interest costs
- imputed costs
- incidental costs
- increasing costs
- incremental costs
- incremental cost of capital
- incremental costs of circulation
- incremental costs of service
- incurred costs
- indirect costs
- indirect labour costs
- indirect manufacturing costs
- indirect payroll costs
- indirect production costs
- individual costs
- industrial costs
- industry-average costs
- initial cost
- inland freight cost
- inspection costs
- installation costs
- insurance costs
- insured cost
- intangible costs
- integrated cost
- interest costs
- inventoriable costs
- inventory cost
- inventory costs
- inventory acquisition costs
- inventory possession costs
- investigation costs
- investment costs
- invoiced cost
- issuing cost
- joint cost
- labour costs
- landed cost
- launching cost
- launching costs
- layoff costs
- legal costs
- legitimate costs
- life cycle costs
- life repair cost
- liquidation cost
- litigation costs
- living costs
- loading costs
- loan cost
- long-run average costs
- long-run marginal costs
- low costs
- low operating costs
- lump-sum costs
- machining cost
- maintenance costs
- maintenance-and-repair costs
- management costs
- man-power cost
- man-power costs
- manufacturing cost
- manufacturing costs
- manufacturing overhead costs
- marginal costs
- marginal-factor costs
- maritime costs
- marketing costs
- material costs
- material handling costs
- merchandising costs
- miscellaneous costs
- mixed cost
- mounting costs
- net cost
- nominal cost
- nonmanufacturing costs
- obsolescence costs
- offering cost
- one-off costs
- one-off costs of acquiring land, buildings and equipment
- one-shot costs
- operating costs
- operation costs
- operational costs
- opportunity costs
- order cost
- ordering cost
- order initiation cost
- ordinary costs
- organization costs
- organizational costs
- original cost
- original cost of the assets
- original cost of capital
- out-of-pocket costs
- overall cost
- overall costs
- overhead costs
- overtime costs
- own costs
- owning costs
- packaging cost
- packing cost
- past costs
- past sunk costs
- payroll cost
- payroll costs
- penalty cost
- penalty costs
- period costs
- permissible costs
- personnel costs
- piece costs
- planned costs
- postponable costs
- predetermined costs
- prepaid costs
- preproduction costs
- prime cost
- processing costs
- procurement costs
- product cost
- production cost
- production costs
- product unit cost
- progress-generating costs
- progressive costs
- prohibitive costs
- project costs
- project development cost
- projected costs
- promotional costs
- protected costs
- publicity costs
- purchase costs
- purchasing costs
- pure costs of circulation
- quality costs
- quality-inspection costs
- real cost
- real costs
- recall costs
- reconstruction cost
- recoverable cost
- recurring costs
- reduction costs
- reimbursable cost
- relative cost
- relevant costs
- removal costs
- renewal cost
- reoperating costs
- reoperation costs
- reorder cost
- repair cost
- repair costs
- replacement cost
- replacement costs
- replacement cost at market rates
- replacement cost of borrowing
- replacement cost of capital assets
- replacement cost of equipment
- replacement depreciation cost
- replenishment cost
- reproduction cost
- reproduction costs
- research costs
- research and development costs
- reservation costs
- rework costs
- rising costs
- road maintenance costs
- running costs
- run-on costs
- salvage cost
- salvage costs
- scheduled costs
- scrap cost
- selling costs
- semi-variable costs
- service costs
- servicing costs
- setting-up costs
- set-up costs
- shadow costs
- shelter costs
- shipping costs
- shortage costs
- single cost
- social costs
- social marginal costs
- social overhead costs
- sorting costs
- special costs
- specification costs
- spoilage costs
- staff costs
- stand costs
- standard cost
- standard costs
- standard direct labour costs
- standard direct materials cost
- standard factory overhead cost
- standing costs
- start-up costs
- stepped costs
- stocking cost
- stockout costs
- storage costs
- sunk costs
- supervision costs
- supplementary costs
- supplementary costs of circulation
- tangible costs
- target cost
- target costs
- taxable cost of shares
- tentative cost
- time-related cost
- total cost
- training cost
- training costs
- transaction costs
- transfer costs
- transhipment costs
- transport costs
- transportation costs
- travel costs
- travelling costs
- trim costs
- true cost
- true costs
- trust cost
- unamortized cost
- unavoidable costs
- underwriting cost
- unexpired costs
- unit cost
- unit costs
- unloading costs
- unrecovered cost
- unscheduled costs
- upkeep costs
- upward costs
- utility's costs
- variable costs
- variable capital costs
- wage costs
- war costs
- warehouse costs
- warehousing costs
- weighted average cost
- welfare costs
- wintering costs
- working cost
- working costs
- costs for bunker
- costs for storing
- costs of administration
- cost of appraisal
- cost of arbitration
- cost of borrowing
- cost of boxing
- cost of bunker
- cost of capital
- cost of capital deeping
- cost of carriage
- cost of carry
- cost of carrying inventory
- costs of circulation
- cost of civil engineering work
- cost of construction
- cost of a contract
- cost of credit
- cost of delivery
- cost of demonstration
- cost of discounting
- cost of disposal
- cost of education
- cost of equipment
- cost of equity capital
- cost of filing
- cost of financing
- cost of fixed capital
- cost of funds
- cost of goods
- cost of haulage
- cost of hotel accommodation
- costs of housing
- costs of idleness
- cost of installation
- cost of insurance
- costs of inventory
- cost of issue
- cost of labour
- cost of a licence
- cost of living
- cost of manpower
- cost of manufacture
- cost of manufactured goods
- cost of manufacturing
- costs of material
- costs of material inputs
- cost of money
- cost of obtaining funds
- costs of operations
- cost of an order
- cost of packaging
- cost of packing
- cost of postage
- costs of production
- cost of product sold
- cost of a project
- cost of publication
- cost of putting goods into a saleable condition
- cost of reclamation
- cost of reinsurance
- costs of reliability
- cost of renting
- cost of renting a trading post
- cost of repairs
- costs of routine maintenance
- cost of sales
- costs of sales
- cost of scrap
- cost of service
- cost of servicing
- costs of shipping
- cost of storage
- cost of a suit
- costs of supervision
- cost of tare
- costs of trackage
- costs of transportation
- cost of work
- cost per inquiry
- costs per unit
- above cost
- at cost
- at the cost of
- at extra cost
- below cost
- less costs
- minus costs
- next to cost
- under cost
- with costs
- without regard to cost
- exclusive of costs
- free of cost
- cost of market, whichever is lower
- cost plus percentage of cost
- absorb costs
- allocate costs
- assess the cost
- assess costs
- assume costs
- award costs against smb.
- bear costs
- calculate costs
- charge cost
- compute the cost
- cover the cost
- cover costs
- curb costs
- curtail costs
- cut down on costs
- cut production costs
- decrease the cost
- defray the costs
- determine the cost
- disregard costs
- distort the cost
- distribute costs
- entail costs
- estimate costs
- exceed the cost
- impose costs
- increase cost
- incur costs
- inflict economic and social costs
- involve costs
- itemize costs
- keep down costs
- meet the cost
- meet costs
- offset the cost
- offset the costs
- offset high interest costs
- overestimate production costs
- pay costs
- prune away costs
- push up costs
- recompense the cost
- recoup the cost
- recover costs
- reduce costs
- refund the cost
- revise the cost
- save costs
- sell at a cost
- share the cost
- slash costs
- split up the cost
- trim costs
- write off costs
- write off costs against revenues
- write off capital costs
2. v

1) стоить

2) назначать цену

English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > cost
7 job

1. сущ.
1)

а) общ. работа, дело, труд; задание, урок; (рабочая) операция

by the job — сдельно ( об оплате)

well-paid job — хорошо оплачиваемая работа

high-paid [high-salaried, high-salary\] job — высокооплачиваемая работа

low-paid [low-salaried, low-salary\] job — низкооплачиваемая работа

farm job — сельскохозяйственная работа, работа на ферме

office job — офисная работа, работа в офисе

web design job — работа в области веб-дизайна

quality control job — работа по контролю качества

selling job — работа, связанная с продажами

one-man job — работа, выполняемая одним человеком; работа, для выполнения которой требуется один человек

two-man job — работа, выполняемая двумя людьми; работа, для выполнения которой требуется два человека

painstaking job — трудоемкая [кропотливая\] работа

arduous job — тяжелая [трудная\] работа

risky job — рискованная [опасная\] работа

rush [time-critical\] job — спешная работа; срочная работа

job market — рынок труда

See:

service job, management job 1), odd job, McJob, off-the-job, on-the-job, part-time job, full-time job, job broker, job market, job analysis, job evaluation, job pricing, job description, job family, job design, job enlargement, job enrichment, job dilution, job characteristics model, job depth, job cycle, job scope, job shopper, job instruction, job instruction training, job management, job methods training, job relations training, job retraining, job performance, job-based pay, jobsite, Job Corps,

б) эк. заказ

Right now I’m working on six jobs for US and UK clients. — Непосредственно сейчас я работаю над шестью заказами американских и британских клиентов.

See:

job shop 1), jobber

в) общ., разг. трудное дело

They'll have a bit of a job getting here in this fog anyway. — В любом случае пробраться сюда в таком тумане будет непростой задачей.

2) общ., разг. место работы [службы\], работа; должность; рабочее место

administrative job — административная должность

to create new jobs — создавать новые рабочие места

to fire from a job — увольнять с работы

to take smb. off the job — отстранять кого-л. от работы

to lose a job — потерять работу

to retire from a job — уходить с работы на пенсию

to be out of a job — не иметь места (работы), быть без работы

to look for a job — искать работу

to get a job — получить работу

to change jobs — менять работу, переходить на другое место работы

to apply for a job — подавать заявление о приеме на работу

job applicant, applicant for a job — претендент на работу [рабочее место, должность\]

job application, application for a job — заявление о приеме на работу

job appointment — назначение на должность

job growth — рост числа рабочих мест, увеличение численности работающих

job shortage — недостаток [нехватка\] рабочих мест

job responsibilities — должностные обязанности

job search — поиски работы

job selection — выбор работы

job title — название должности

See:

job abandonment, job advertisement, job analyst, bridge job, community service job, trial job, subsidized job, Job Introduction Scheme, extra job, job chart, job bank, job centre, job club, job shop 2), job opportunity, Jobfinder Plus, jobplan workshop, job hunting, job wanted ad, job interview, job creation, job development, job burnout, job stress, job satisfaction, job rotation, job lock, job training, job coach, job competition theory, jobholder, jobless, job seeker, job-hopper, job leaver, job loser, job rights, job segregation, Job Training Partnership Act, non-monetary job characteristics, export of jobs

3) торг. неликвид, залежалый товар ( продается по сниженной цене)

See:

shelf pull merchandise

4) общ. протекция, блат

His appointment was a job. — Он получил назначение по протекции.
2. гл.
1) общ., редк. заниматься нерегулярной [случайной\] работой

He jobs as a gardener from time to time. — Время от времени он работает садовником.

2) бирж., редк. быть посредником [перекупщиком, джоббером\] ( перепродавать мелкие партии товаров или ценных бумаг)

to job in shares — перепродавать ценные бумаги

See:

jobbing

3) общ., устар. ( пользоваться служебным положением в личных целях)
3. прил.
1) эк. тр. сдельный, наемный (о какой-л. недолгосрочной работе); выполняемый по заказам, связанный с работой по заказам

job work — сдельная работа

See:

job shop

2) общ. относящийся к работающим [занятости\]

overseas job vacancies — вакантные (рабочие) места за границей

* * *
1) работа; дело; труд; 2) задание; конкретный проект; 3) функции работника.

Англо-русский экономический словарь > job
8 theory

1) теория

2) метод; концепция

- theory X

- theory Y

- theory of asset holding

- theory of attributes

- theory of balanced growth

- theory of bidding

- theory of business cycle

- theory of cardinal utility

- theory of chances

- theory of choice

- theory of comparative advantage

- theory of conflict

- theory of consumer behavior

- theory of countervailing powers

- theory of externalities

- theory of factor-pricing

- theory of firm

- theory of growth

- theory of large samples

- theory of marginal-cost pricing

- theory of matrices

- theory of ordinal utility

- theory of portfolio management

- theory of public finance

- theory of random processes

- theory of second best

- theory of sets

- theory of statistical decision

- theory of statistical test

- theory of stochastic processes

- theory of storage

- theory of surplus value

- theory of time series

- theory of waiting lines

- theory of weighted smoothing

- abstinence theory

- accelerator-multiplier theory of business cycle

- allocation theory

- applied decision theory

- bargaining theory of wages

- bargaining-power theory

- coalition theory

- commodity theory of money

- comparative costs theory

- compensatory fiscal theory

- competitive price theory

- conventional theory

- cost-of-production theory of value

- credit theory of business cycle

- crude quantity theory of money

- decision theory

- density gradient theory

- disproportionality theory of crises

- Dow theory

- duality theory

- game theory

- general theory of equilibrium

- Gestalt theory

- graph theory

- human factors theory

- individual event theory of crises

- individual risk theory

- innovation theory of crises

- inventory theory of crises

- labor theory of interest

- labor theory of value

- linear programming theory

- liquidity-preference theory

- loanable funds theory

- location theory

- long-cycle theory

- Malthusian population theory

- marginal productivity theory

- marginal utility theory

- market segmentation theory of security yields

- markup theory of inflation

- minimum-risk theory

- min-max theory

- mobility theory

- modern quantity theory

- monetary theory

- monetary theory of business cycle

- monetary theory of interest

- monetary theory of nominal income

- monopoly price theory

- neoquantity theory

- nonlinearized theory

- nonmonetary theory of interest

- odd-lot theory

- operations research theory

- overproduction theory of crises

- oversaving theory of crises

- portfolio-balance theory

- positive theory

- prediction theory

- probabilistic decision theory

- probability theory

- productivity theories of interest

- purchasing power parity theory

- pure theory

- quantity theory of money

- queueing theory

- random-disturbance theory of crises

- random-walk theory

- ratchet-effect theory

- rational behavior theory

- replacement cycle theory

- revealed preference theory

- risk-effort theory of business profit

- sampling theory

- search theory

- search theory of employment

- small sample theory

- stable population theory

- state theory of money

- subjective theory of value

- subsistence theory of wages

- sunspot theory of business cycles

- system-building theory

- systems theory

- tax-incidence theory

- underconsumption theory of crises

- urban theory

Англо-русский словарь по экономике и финансам > theory
9 model

1) модель (напр. экономики)

2) тип, марка конструкции, модель (напр. автомобиля)

- model with variable prices

- model of balanced growth

- model of choice

- model of economic equilibrium

- model of efficient growth

- model of equilibrium growth

- activity analysis model

- age-duration-parity model

- aggregate model

- allocation model

- attack-and-defence model

- autoregressive model

- backlogging model

- balking model

- battle model

- behavioural model

- bid price determination model

- bilateral monopoly model

- binomial model

- breadboard model

- breakdown model

- buffer-stock model

- business cycle model

- capital asset pricing model

- clay-clay model

- coalition model

- cobweb model

- collective risk model

- combat model

- company model

- competitive equilibrium model

- concave cost model

- continuous-time model

- cross-impact model

- cyclic queueing model

- decision model

- development model

- diagrammatic models

- discrete-time model

- distributed lag model

- distribution-on-effort model

- double-risk model

- dynamic programming model

- dynamic sequential model

- endogenous model of cycle

- endogenous accelerator model

- endogenous priority model

- equilibrium model

- estimation model

- exogenous priority model

- expected coat model

- exponential growth model

- family building model

- finite-horizon model

- finite-source queueing model

- fixed-horizon model

- fixed-review-times model

- fixed-service-level model

- fix-price model

- flex-price model

- forecasting model

- general duel model

- growth model

- industrial dynamics model

- infinite-horizon model

- infinite-source model

- in-process inventory model

- input-output model

- inspection model

- interindustry programming model

- interruption model

- inventory model

- known-shortage-coat model

- learning-doing model

- linear programming model

- linear regressive model

- loss transfer model

- machine-loading model

- many-server model

- marketing model

- market split model

- Markovian queueing model

- migration model

- mobility model

- moving-average model

- multichannel priority model

- multicontract bidding model

- multi-echelon model

- multiple finite-source model

- multiple-line multiple-server model

- multiple-reorder model

- multiplier-accelerator model

- multistage model

- multistation queueing model

- natality model

- network model

- nonadaptive duel model

- no-backlog model

- nonconsumption model

- non-Poisson model

- nonpreemptive priority model

- no-queue model

- one-line one-server model

- operations research model

- ordering model

- piece-work model

- Poisson model

- preemptive priority model

- preference model

- price adjustment model

- price break model

- price speculation model

- priority model

- probability model

- production scheduling model

- profitability model

- profit maximization model

- prognostic model

- prototype model

- putty-clay model

- queueing model

- random model

- reduced model

- regression model

- reneging model

- replacement model

- reproductivity model

- resource allocation model

- resource management model

- retaliation model

- Round-Robin model

- scheduling model

- schematic model

- semi-Poisson model

- shortage model

- shortest-route model

- sign model

- simplex model

- simulation model

- single-server model

- static equilibrium model

- static inventory model

- station-to-station model

- stochastic model

- stock adjustment model

- stockage model

- storage model

- substitution model

- trade-cycle model

- transshipment model

- trend-free model

- two-bin model

- two-class priority model

- two-echelon model

- two-state model

- vintage model of technology

- waiting line model

- Wilson model

- world decision model

Англо-русский словарь по экономике и финансам > model
10 system

1) система; способ; метод

2) устройство; строй

3) классификация

4) учение

5) сеть (дорог)

- systems and procedures

- system with backlog

- system with finite waiting room

- system with limited holding time

- system without information

- system with refusal

- system with restrictions

- system of debiting agents with actual premiums collected

- system of economic exchange

- system of fixed base index

- system of instantaneous payments

- system of integrated national accounts

- system of machinery

- system of planning and incentives

- accounting system

- actual cost system

- adaptive system

- address matching system

- advanced system

- advertised bid system

- appointment system

- arable dairy system

- arable-livestock system

- asymptotically stable system

- automated control system

- automatic data processing system

- automatic dragline system

- automatic transfer system

- average premium system

- balking system

- banking system

- basing-point system

- batch system

- battery system

- block system

- "blue-eyed" boysystem

- bonus system

- budgetary control system

- bulk power system

- bulk-service system

- capacitated system

- capitalist system

- cashiering system

- census information retrieval system

- centralized control system

- centrally planned system

- central record system

- chain store system

- civil transportation system

- class cost system

- classification system

- clearing system

- closed marriage system

- closed queueing system

- command-and-control systems

- commercial drylot beef feeding system

- common control system

- competitive systems

- competitive negotiated bidding system

- computer-based trading system for the Eurobonds market

- computer-controlled closed-loop system

- computerized system of payments

- computerized information system

- constant causes system

- constrained system

- continuous cost system

- continuous registration system

- continuous review system

- contract system

- convertible-dollar system

- cost system

- cost control system

- cost-plus system

- crawling peg system

- credit system

- credit authorizing system

- credit transfer system

- credit validation system

- cropping system

- crop rotation system

- cultivation system

- currency system

- custom transit systems

- cyclical early warning system

- cyclical response system

- data system

- data collection system

- data exchange system

- data handling system

- data logging system

- data processing system

- data reduction system

- data retrieval system

- data transmission system

- decentralized reserve system

- decimal system of coding

- delay system

- delivered price systems

- departmental system of management

- departmental costing system

- deterministic system

- diversified farm production system

- domestic system

- double account system

- drainage system

- dry system

- dual banking system

- dual posting system

- dual standard cost system

- dynamic system

- dynamic priority system

- early warning system

- ecologic equilibrium system

- econometric system

- educational system

- electric system

- electronic book-entry system

- electronic funds transfer system

- Emerson bonus system

- energy system

- engineering system

- equilibrium system

- estimating-cost system

- extensive farming system

- factory system

- factory-warehouse system

- farm costing system

- farming system

- farm loan system

- Federal Reserve interdistrict collection system

- feedback system

- feeding system

- feed-units system

- feudal system

- financial system

- fiscal system

- fixed-interval system

- fixed-order-quantity system

- follow-the-leader pricing system

- forecasting system

- fractional reserve system

- free enterprise system

- free-range system

- functional information system

- Gantt system

- general window system

- giro system

- Halsey system

- hatch system

- historical cost system

- household system

- housing system

- incentive payment system

- infinite queueing system

- information system

- information decision system

- information retrieval system

- input-output system

- inspection system

- integrated accounting system

- integrated farm production system

- integrated record system

- intensive farming system

- international monetary system

- inventory control system

- job cost system

- kinship system

- land capability classification system

- land classification system

- land-tenure system

- land-use system

- large scale business system

- latifundium system

- Leontief system

- limited availability system

- linear system

- linear programming system

- locally stable system

- local public system

- local transit system

- loose housing system

- loss system

- loss-delay system

- lossless system

- low-cost low-output farming system

- management system

- management information system

- managerial system

- man-machine system

- manorial system

- manufacturing system

- many-server system

- market system

- Markov system

- marriage registration system

- material flow system

- mechanized production system

- meritocratic system

- metric system

- minimax system

- mixed enterprise system

- mnemonic code system

- modified reorder point system

- monetary system

- monitor system

- monopolistic system

- multibank system

- multichannel system

- multicommodity system

- multidepot system

- multiechelon supply system

- multiitem inventory system

- multiitem supply system

- multilateral system of settlements

- multilevel system

- multilocation supply system

- multiple system

- multiple basing-point system

- multiple currency reserve system

- multiple queue system

- multiple reorder point system

- multiple-trigger system

- multiproduct inventory system

- multiserver system

- multistage supply system

- multistation system

- multivariable system

- national banking system

- national payment system

- nationwide branch banking system

- negotiated bidding system

- non-Markovian system

- nonnormalized system

- nonpreemptive priority system

- normal cost system

- numerical transit system

- office system

- on-demand system

- one-crop system

- one-litter system

- open marriage system

- open price system

- operational system

- operations cost system

- optimum system

- ordering system

- ordering cycle system

- outdoor wintering system

- parcel pickup system

- partial standard cost system

- partido system

- par value system

- pay-as-you-earn system

- payment system

- pen system

- performance measurement system

- periodic reordering system

- permit-issuing system

- perpetual inventory system

- piece-rate system

- planning-programming-budgeting system

- plantation system

- point system

- postal saving system

- post giro system

- power system

- predetermined motion time system

- preemptive priority system

- premium system

- preplanning system

- price system

- priority system

- probabilistic system

- process cost system

- production system

- production distribution system

- program change control system

- publicly owned power system

- public power system

- public water system

- pure key-currency system

- quality system

- quality auditing system

- quality intelligence system

- quality rating system

- queueing system

- quota system

- railway system

- ramified kinship system

- rate card system

- rationing system

- receiving inspection system

- record keeping system

- regional electronic payment system

- relay system

- reneging system

- reorder point system

- reorder time system

- retail trade system

- rotation system

- saving system

- scheduling system

- scoring system

- semi-intensive system

- serving system

- sharecrop system

- shift system

- simulation system

- single basing-point system

- single channel system

- single posting system

- single-server system

- single standard cost system

- slow check collection system

- snake-in-the-tunnel system

- socialist system

- soil rating system

- sole source negotiated bidding system

- specialized farm production system

- specific-order cost system

- speedup system

- spoils system

- sponsor group system

- standard cost system

- static-priority system

- straight-line system of depreciation

- suggestion system

- supply system

- surplus appropriation system

- sweating system

- task system

- teletype system

- time-sharing system

- total information system

- transmission system

- two-bin system

- two-channel system

- two-class system

- two-tier system of price of gold

- uncapacitated system

- underloaded queueing system

- underwriting system

- uniform accounting system

- unit teller system

- value system

- vital statistics system

- voucher system

- wage-labor system

- waiting system

- waste-handling system

- water system

- weighting system

- within-plant trackage system

Англо-русский словарь по экономике и финансам > system
11 political

прил.

1) политический

political market — политический рынок

See:

political activity, political adventurism, political anthropology, political apathy, political arena, political arithmetic, political astrology, political asylum, political attitude, political authority, political autonomy, political awareness, political behaviour, political behaviouralism, political bureau, political bureaucracy, political business cycle, political center, political centre, political centrism, political class, political cleavage, political clique, political collective unconsciousness, political confidence, political conflict, political consciousness, political conservatism, political conspiracy, political correctness, political corruption, political credit risk, political culture, political cybernetics, political cycle, political democracy, political determinism, political development, political drift, political economy, political education, political elite, political emblems, political engagement, political environment, political family, political figure, political finance, political forecasting, political freedom, political fund, political game, political geography, political globalization, political history, political ideology, political inactivity, political indoctrination, political inflation, political integration, political involvement, political leader, political leadership, political legitimacy, political leverage, political man, political manipulation, political market, political marketing, political martyr, political martyrdom, political mobilization, political modernization, political mood, political movement, political myth, political mythology, political negativism, political obstruction, political organization, political participation, political party, political passivity, political philosophy, political police, political power, political powers, political pragmatism, political prediction, political pressure, political priorities, political process, political prognostication, political propaganda, political psychology, political rationalism, political rationality, political reaction, political realism, political regime, political rehabilitation, political relations, political representation, political rhetoric, political right, political risk, political ritual, political romanticism, political science, political scientists, political sectarianism, political self-consciousness, political sight, political situation, political socialization, political society, political sociology, political space, political sphere, political stability, political strategy, political strike, political surveillance, political symbols, political system, political tactics, political technology, political theory, political thought, political time, political tolerance, political utopia, political values, political broker, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000

2) гос. упр. государственный

See:

Political Affairs

3) пол. связанный с политикой определенной партии; узкопартийный

See:

political access, political activism, political advertising, political bloc, political campaign, political candidate marketing, political donation, political levy, political action committee, political replacement effect

Англо-русский экономический словарь > political
12 product

сущ.

1)

а) эк. продукт, изделие, товар (предмет, созданный человеком, машиной или природой; чаще всего имеются в виду предметы, созданные с целью продажи); мн. продукция

dairy products — молочная продукция

food products — продукты, продовольственные товары

skin-care products — средства для ухода за кожей

average quality product — товар среднего (уровня) качества

high-quality product — товар высокого качества, высококачественный [первоклассный\] товар

premium quality [premium grade\] product — товар высшего сорта [качества\], товар класса премиум-класса

undiscounted products — товары, продаваемые без скидки

low-priced product — недорогой продукт

fairly-priced product — товар по приемлемой [справедливой\] цене

product market — товарный рынок

product analysis — товарный анализ

product assortment — товарный ассортимент

product technology — технология производства продукции

to develop a product — разрабатывать товар (создавать идею и образец нового товара)

See:

acceptable product, accessory product, actual product, adulterated product, advanced technology products, ageing product, agricultural product, alimentary products, allied products, all-meat product, alternative products, ancillary product, anonymous product, augmented product, bakery products 1), basic product, beauty product, best-selling product, business products, by-product 1), &3, capitalized product, captive product, characteristic product, 2), co-product, commercialized product, commodity product, common product, comparable products, competing products, competiting products, competitive product, competitive products, complementary products, complete product, complicated product, conforming product, consumer products, consumer durable product, convenience products, core product, crop products, custom-designed product, customized product, custom-made product, declining product, deficient product, dehydrated product, differentiated product, diminishing marginal product, disposable product, diversified products, DIY product, do-it-yourself product, domestic product, durable products, egg product, electronics products, end product 2), &3, energy-saving product, entrenched product, essential product, established product, ethical product, ethnic product, everyday product, exclusive product, export products, fair trade product, fairly traded product, fairtrade product, fighting product, final product 1), а&2, financial product, food products, foreign products, formal product, functional product, generic product, global product, green products, grooming product, hair-care product, half-finished product, harmful product, health product, hedonic product, heterogeneous product, high performance product, high quality product, high-interest product 1), high-involvement products, high-margin product, high-reliability product, high-risk product, high-tech product, high-turnover product, high-value product, home-grown product, home-produced product, homogeneous product, hot product, household cleaning product, household maintenance products, household product, hygiene product, imitative product, imperfect product, import products, import-sensitive products, impulse product, industrial product, inferior product, information product, innovative product, in-process product, intangible product, interlocking products, intermediate product, investigated product, joint product, key product, knowledge-intensive product, known product, laundry products, lead product, leading edge product, leisure products, leisure-time products, licensed product, line extension product, livestock product, low-interest product 1), low-involvement products, low-value product, luxury product, main product 2), &3, manufactured products, marginal physical product, marginal product, mature product, me-too product, metal product, misbranded product, multinational product, multiple-use product 2), mundane product, national product, necessary product, necessity product, new product, no-name product, nonconforming product, non-conforming product, non-durable products, nonfood products, non-standard product, novel product, office products, off-price product, off-standard product, oil products, one-shot product, optional product, over-engineered product, paper products, parity products, patentable product, patented product, patent-protected product, payment product, pension product, pharmaceutical product, physical product, plant products, potential product, premium product, prestige products, price-sensitive product, primary products, prime product, printed products, private brand products, private label products, processed product, qualified product, quality products, ready-made product, rejected product, related product, replacement product, representative product, retirement product, revenue product, revised product, safe product, saleable product, salutary product, satisfactory product, scarce product, second generation product, secondary product, semi-finished products, shoddy product, sideline product, single-use product, skill-intensive product, slow-moving product, social product, sophisticated product, standardized products, sugared product, superior product, supplementary products, surplus product, synthetic product, tainted products, tangible product, tied product, tied products, tinned products, tobacco products 1), tying products, unacceptable product, unbranded product, unidentified product, unpatented product, unsafe product, unsaleable product, unsatisfactory product, utilitarian product, vendible product, viable product, wanted product, well-designed product, worthwhile product, product acceptability, product acceptance, product adaptability, product adaptation, product addition, product advertising, product analysis, product announcement, product application, product area, product arsenal, product assessment, product association, product assortment, product assurance, product augmentation, product availability, product awareness, product benefit, product billing, product brand, product branding, product bundling, product capabilities, product category, product choice, product claim, product class, product classification, product company, product compatibility, product competition, product comprehension, product concept, product conception, product control, product copy, product cost, product costing, product coverage, product cycle, product decision, product deletion, product demand, product demonstration, product departmentalization, product design, product development, product differences, product differentiation, product display, product distribution network, product diversification, product division, product element, product elimination, product engineering, product enhancement, product evaluation, product evolution, product exchange, product exhaustion, product expansion, product extension, product failure, product family, product field, product flows, product form, product graduation, product group, product homogeneity, product idea, product image, product improvement, product inflation, product innovation, product inspection, product integrity, product introduction, product invention, product item, product knowledge, product label, product labelling, product layout, product leveraging, product liability, product life, product life cycle, product line, product lineup, product literature, product management, product manager, product manual, product market, product marketing, product matching, product message, product mix, product modification, product name, product nameplate, product offering, product opportunity, product organization, product orientation, product origin, product patent, product perception, product performance, product personality, product placement, product plan, product planner, product planning, product policy, product portfolio, product position, product positioning, product preference, product presentation, product price, product pricing, product profile, product proliferation, product promotion, product proof, product protection, product publicity, product puffery, product quality, product quantity, product range, product rationalization, product recall, product release, product requirements, product research, product research and development, product retailer, product revision, product revolution, product safety, product sales, product sample, product sampling, product satisfaction, product segment, product segmentation, product shortage, product specialization, product specifications, product standard, product statement, product strategy, product structure, product style, product styling, product subline, product superiority, product survey, product tangibility, product team, product technology, product test, product testimony, product testing, product trial, product type, product uniformity, product usage, product validation, product variation, product variety, product warranty, endorse a product, Central Product Classification, Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product, Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers, Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing, debt-for-products swap

б) эк. продукт, объем продукции ( количество произведенных товаров или услуг)

company's product — продукция компании, товары компании

See:

bakery products 2), final product 1) б), industry product, multiple-use product 1) б)

2) общ. результат, продукт (итог какой-л. деятельности)

products of one's labour — результаты труда

History is the product of social and economic forces. — История — это результат взаимодействия общественных и экономических факторов.

the product of this activity is radiation — в результате этой деятельности появляется радиация.

See:

end product 1), by-product 2), main product 1), waste products, work product

3) мат. произведение ( результат умножения двух чисел)

* * *
продукт, товар: что-либо производимое для продажи.
* * *

продукт

* * *

Продукт
. . Словарь экономических терминов .
* * *

Реклама

рекламируемый товар

Англо-русский экономический словарь > product
13 cost

1) обычно pl расходы, издержки, затраты

2) цена, стоимость, себестоимость || назначать цену, расценивать товар

- cost and freight

- at cost

- at any cost

- at heavy cost

- at the cost of

- below cost

- cost charged to current expense accounts

- free of cost

- cost, insurance, freight

- cost, insurance, freight and commission

- cost, insurance, freight and exchange

- cost, insurance, freight, commission and interest

- next to cost

- cost or market, whichever is lower

- costs per day

- cost per pounds 100 output

- cost per unit

- cost to buy

- cost to hold

- incur cost

- prune away cost

- cost to the consumer

- cost under certainty

- cost of apprenticeship

- cost of borrowing

- cost of capital

- cost of carry

- cost of carrying inventory

- cost of doing business

- cost of entry

- cost of flotation

- cost of idleness

- cost of inspection

- cost of installation

- cost of interrupted service

- cost of labor per acre

- cost of living

- cost of pest control

- cost of products sold

- cost of providing service

- cost of queue

- cost of reclamation

- cost of reliability

- cost of resales

- cost of sales

- cost of scrap

- cost of stockout

- cost of unreliability

- cost of wrong decision

- absorbed cost

- accident cost

- acquisition cost

- actual cost

- added traffic cost

- adjusted historical cost

- adjustment cost

- aftershipment cost

- airline cost

- allocable cost

- allowable cost

- alternative cost

- amortized cost

- anticipated cost

- appraisal cost

- average unit cost

- back-order cost

- basic cost

- basic standard cost

- beforeshipment cost

- book cost

- borrowing cost

- break-even cost

- break in cost

- budgeted cost

- bulk-line cost

- bunched cost

- burden cost

- capacity cost

- capital cost

- capital cost per annum

- capitalizable cost

- capitalized cost

- carrier cost

- changeover cost

- circulation cost

- cleared-in cost

- collection cost

- commercial cost

- committed cost

- commodity cost

- common cost

- comparative cost

- complaint cost

- concave cost

- conditional cost

- constant cost

- contract cost

- controllable cost

- conversion costs

- convex cost

- court costs

- crash cost

- crawl-out cost

- cultivation cost

- current cost

- current-outlay cost

- current standard cost

- cycle inventory cost

- decreasing cost

- deductible cost

- defect cost

- deficiency cost

- delivery cost

- departmental cost

- depleted cost

- depreciable cost

- depreciated cost

- depreciation cost

- design cost

- deterioration cost

- development cost

- differential cost

- direct cost

- direct labor cost

- direct operating cost

- direct payroll cost

- disadvantage cost

- discounted cost

- distribution cost

- downstream cost

- downtime cost

- drying cost

- economic cost

- environmental cost

- equipment capital cost

- erection cost

- escapable cost

- estimated cost

- evaluation cost

- expected cost of uncertainty

- expected total cost

- expired cost

- explicit cost

- external cost

- extramarket cost

- fabrication cost

- factor cost

- factor mobility cost

- factory cost

- failure cost

- farm production cost

- fattening cost

- feed cost

- fertilizing cost

- final cost

- first cost

- fixed cost

- food cost

- fuel cost

- growth cost

- guarantee cost

- handling cost

- harvesting costs

- haul cost

- hiring cost

- historical cost

- holding cost

- hourly cost

- idle time cost

- implicit cost

- imputed cost

- increasing cost

- incremental cost

- incremental cost of service

- incremental energy cost

- incremental production costs

- independent cost

- indirect cost

- indirect labor cost

- indirect payroll cost

- industry average cost

- information cost

- initial cost

- initial production cost

- innovation costs

- insurance cost

- intake water cost

- intangible cost

- inventory cost

- inventory holding cost

- inventory possession cost

- invoice cost

- irrigation cost

- joint cost

- labor cost

- labor cost per unit produced

- launching costs

- layoff cost

- least cost

- life cycle cost

- life repair cost

- linear cost

- line-haul cost

- long-run marginal cost

- lot quantity cost

- lump-sum cost

- maintenance cost

- management cost

- man-power cost

- manufacturing cost

- marginal cost

- marginal cost of acquisition

- marginal cost of capital

- marginal-factor cost

- marginal industry costs

- marginal unit costs

- marketing cost

- market transaction cost

- menu cost

- merchandising cost

- miscellaneous cost

- negotiated cost

- net cost

- nominal cost

- noncontrollable cost

- nonlinear cost

- nonmanufacturing cost

- nonrecurring cost

- normal cost

- obsolescence costs

- onetime cost

- operating cost

- opportunity cost

- opportunity cost of not being at work

- ordering cost

- order initiation cost

- organization cost

- original cost

- out-of-pocket cost

- out-of-pocket unit cost

- output cost

- overall cost

- overdraft cost

- overhaul cost

- overhead cost

- overtime cost

- owning cost

- passenger-mile cost

- payroll cost

- perfection standard cost

- period cost

- personnel retention cost

- platform handling cost

- pollution abatement cost

- postponable cost

- power cost

- predetermined cost

- predicted cost

- preparation cost

- preproduction cost

- present worth cost

- pretax financing cost

- price-determining cost

- prime cost

- process cost

- processing cost

- procurement cost

- product cost

- production cost

- program cost

- programmed cost

- progress-generating cost

- prohibitive cost

- project cost

- purchase cost

- pure cost of circulation

- quality cost

- quality-inspection cost

- real cost

- rearing cost

- recoverable cost

- recurring cost

- reduction cost

- reject cost

- related cost

- relative cost

- relevant cost

- removal cost

- renewal cost

- reoperation cost

- reorder cost

- repair costs

- replacement cost

- replacement depreciation cost

- replenishment cost

- reproduction cost

- reproduction new cost

- research-and-development cost

- reservation cost

- residual cost

- rework cost

- round-trip cost

- running cost

- salvage cost

- scheduled cost

- scrap cost

- search cost

- selling cost

- separable cost

- serving cost

- setting-up cost

- shadow cost

- shelter cost

- shipping cost

- shoe leather cost

- shop cost

- shortage cost

- short-run marginal cost

- should cost

- smoothing cost

- social marginal cost

- socially necessary cost

- space cost

- specific cost

- specification cost

- spiralling cost

- spoilage cost

- standard cost

- standby cost

- standing cost

- starting-and-stopping cost

- starting-load cost

- start-up cost

- stock-holding cost

- stocking cost

- storage cost

- sunk cost

- supplementary cost

- supplementary employee cost

- support cost

- tangible cost

- target cost

- total delay cost

- total unit cost

- traceable cost

- training cost

- transaction cost

- transfer costs

- transportation costs

- treating cost

- trust cost

- ultimate cost

- unamortized cost

- unavoidable cost

- underwriting cost

- unit cost

- unit factor cost

- unit labor cost

- unit operating cost

- unit wage cost

- unrecovered cost

- upkeep cost

- user cost

- variable cost

- verification cost

- warehousing cost

- warranty cost

- welfare cost

- wintering cost

- working cost

Англо-русский словарь по экономике и финансам > cost
14 work

1) работа; труд || работать

2) загрузка; работа, объём работы; задание по работе

3) место работы, должность

4) изделие; произведение; продукция

5) pl завод; фабрика; мастерская

6) pl строительные работы; сооружения

7) обработка || обрабатывать

8) действовать; приводить в действие; управлять

9) разрабатывать; эксплуатировать; вести предприятие

- at work

- work by task

- work by the day

- having a job but not at work

- work in hand

- work in process

- work in progress

- looking for a work

- out of work

- the expenses work out at:

- work at full pressure

- be pressed with work

- commit to work

- work for an employer

- work off

- work on one's own account

- work out

- work to rule

- work under compulsion

- work up

- bad work

- casual work

- children's work

- civil engineering works

- clerical work

- commercial work

- commission work

- contract work

- contractual work

- counting work

- creative work

- custom work

- day work

- development work

- double-shift work

- extension work

- fabricating works

- fair day's work

- farm work

- field work

- forced overtime work

- full-time work

- gavel work

- given-out work

- government work

- hand work

- in-cycle work

- inside work

- installation work

- intermittent work

- job work

- lapidary work

- life work

- machine-paced work

- managerial work

- manufacturing work

- market work

- materials handling work

- mental work

- military work

- night work

- nonmarket work

- nonshift work

- off-farm work

- office work

- out-cycle work

- outstanding works

- overtime work

- paper work

- part-time work

- piece work

- pioneering work

- post-enumeration work

- productive work

- public works

- RDT and E work

- relief works

- remunerative farm work

- repair work

- repair and engineering works

- research, development, test and evaluation work

- routine work

- semicontinuous work

- shift work

- shock work

- short-time work

- side work

- socially necessary work

- socially useful work

- steel works

- subsidiary work

- survey work

- task work

- team work

- wage work

- weekend work

- welfare work

Англо-русский словарь по экономике и финансам > work
15 analysis

1) анализ, изучение, исследование

2) статистическая таблица (цифровой материал)

•

- accuracy analysis

- activity analysis

- aged debtors analysis

- approximate analysis

- balance sheet analysis

- break-even analysis

- budget analysis

- business analysis

- business cycle analysis

- check analysis

- commodity analysis

- comparative analysis

- complete analysis

- computer-aided analysis

- consumer analysis

- continuous analysis

- contrastive analysis

- cost analysis

- cost-benefit analysis

- cost-effectiveness analysis

- cost-sensitivity analysis

- country collectibility analysis

- data analysis

- decision analysis

- decision-flow analysis

- demand analysis

- demand-supply analysis

- economic analysis

- end-point analysis

- error analysis

- express analysis

- feasibility analysis

- financial ratio analysis

- financial statement analysis

- fiscal analysis

- flow-of-funds analysis

- gap analysis

- global analysis

- gross profit analysis

- income-expenditure analysis

- long-run analysis

- loss analysis

- market analysis

- market trend analysis

- money-flow analysis

- needs analysis

- network analysis

- on-line analysis

- operating analysis

- overhead analysis

- price analysis

- priority analysis

- profitability analysis

- ratio analysis

- real-time analysis

- risk analysis

- sales analysis

- sensitivity analysis

- statement analysis

- time analysis

- total time analysis

- trend analysis

- value analysis

- worst-case analysis

- analysis by economic sector

- analysis of assets and liabilities by maturities

- analysis of corporate cash flows

- analysis of economic activity

- analysis of foreign currency position

- analysis of indices performance

- analysis of profitability

- analysis of results

- carry out analysis

- make analysis

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > analysis
16 option

1. сущ.
1) общ. альтернатива, вариант, опция ( один из нескольких вариантов выбора)

in such circumstances, obtaining a student loan is the best option for him or her — в таких условиях, наилучший вариант для него/нее — получение студенческого кредита

Spanish is one of the options. — Испанский — один из языков, который можно выбрать (для изучения).

Syn:

alternative

2)

а) общ. выбор; право выбора [замены\]

at the option of the purchaser, at buyer's option — по выбору [усмотрению\] покупателя

payment options — варианты оплаты

imprisonment with [without\] the option of a fine — тюремное заключение с правом [без права\] замены его штрафом

See:

available at option

б) эк., юр. право выбора*, опцион* (право выбора отдельных условий исполнения, завершения или продления сделки, которое имеет один из участников сделки согласно заключенному контракту; напр., право продлить аренду после истечения первоначального срока аренды, право выкупить арендованное имущество по истечении срока аренды, право преимущественной покупки новых ценный бумаг, право конвертации ценных бумаг, право выбора формы страхового взноса и т. д.)

option to buy [purchase\] — право покупки

See:

abandonment option, accelerated option, advance option, bargain purchase option, bargain renewal option, borrower's option-lender's option, buyer's option, cash option, conversion option, cross option agreement, crown jewel option, embedded option, end of term option, fair market value purchase option, fixed amount option, fixed period option, float-down option, floor option, life income option, liquid yield option note, load spread option, lock-up option, multi-option facility, negative option, nonforfeiture option, option agreement, option to tax, paid-up additional insurance option, purchase option, positive option, reduction-option loan, renewal option, settlement option, stock purchase option, tax-option corporation, optionally renewable policy, indexed currency option note, lease with option to purchase

3) фин., бирж. опцион (разновидность срочного контракта на покупку или продажу какого-л. актива, который исполняется или не исполняется по усмотрению его владельца; предусматривает, что покупатель опциона уплачивает продавцу опциона определенную премию за получение права купить или продать какой-л. актив через определенное время по определенной цене; в случае отказа от исполнения, премия остается у продавца; опцион является средством страхования от рисков изменения цены, процента и др. переменных; существует большое количество видов опционов в зависимости от вида актива и условий исполнения опциона; покупатель опциона рискует только величиной уплачиваемой при покупке премией, но ограждает себя от значительно больших изменений цены базисного актива, которые могли бы произойти в будущем и сильно ухудшить его материальное положение; существует большое количество видов опционов в зависимости от вида базисного актива и условий исполнения опциона; многие опционы являются высоколиквидными ценными бумагами и торгуются на специальных биржах)

to write an option — продавать опцион

to waive the option — отказаться от использования опциона

to exercise [take up\] an option — исполнить опцион

abandonment of option — неиспользование опциона

to abandon an option — не исполнить опцион (отказаться от использования права, которое дает опцион)

giver of an option — лицо, предлагающее опцион

to buy a 1 month call option on a X stock with a strike price of $50 — купить опцион "колл" на покупку акций X по цене 50 долл. через один месяц

Option names follow the format ( Stock ticker) (Expiration month) (Strike price) (Call or Put) \@ (Premium price). LEML January 20 Call \@ $.75 means a call option for Lemur Leisure Lines stock at $20 a share with a premium per share of $.75. — Обозначения опционов придерживаются следующего формата: (тикерный символ) (месяц окончания срока) (цена исполнения) ("колл" или "пут") \@ (премия). LEML January 20 Call \@ $.75 — означает опцион "колл" на акции "Lemur Leisure Lines" по цене $20 за акцию с премией $0,75 за акцию.

option market — рынок опционов

Syn:

option contract

See:

, average strike option, American option, Asian option, Atlantic option, barrier option, Bermuda option, call option, call-of-more option, capped option, catastrophe option, chooser option, collar option, commodity option, contingent premium option, conventional option, covered option, covering option, currency option, dealer option, debt option, deep in the money option, deferred premium option, double option, down-and-out option, dressed option, European option, exchange-traded option, exotic option, expired option, financial options, foreign currency option, foreign exchange option, forward reversing option, fungible options, futures option, gold option, in the money option, index option, interest rate option, knock-in option, knock-out option, lapsed option, limited exercise option, listed option, lock-up option, lookback option, naked option, non-equity option, option on a floor, option on futures, option to double, out the money option, path dependent option, postponement option, put and call option, put option, put-of-more option, quality option, quanto option, renewal option, Semi-American option, share option, split-fee option, spread option, stock option, straddle option, swap option, traded option, traditional option, triple option, uncovered option, underwater option, up-and-out option, US-style option, class of options, option account, option agreement, option buyer, option cycle, option day, option dealer, option deposit letter, option exchange, option fund, option growth fund, option holder, option income fund, option margin, option market, option money, option mutual fund, option period, option position, option premium, option price, option pricing model, option seller, option series, option spread, option strategy, option writer, options trader, options exchange, options market, rate of option, registered options principal, registered options representative, series of options, type of option, exercise price

4) юр. оптация (выбор гражданства, обычно предоставляемый населению территории, переходящей от одного государства к другому)
2. гл.
эк. предоставлять [получать\] право на что-л.; покупать [продавать\] опцион на что-л.

movie producers optioned the book soon after its publication, in 1988 — кинопродюсеры приобрели права на эту книгу вскоре после ее публикации в 1988 г.

* * *
1) опцион (право выбора); 2) разновидность срочной сделки, которую не обязательно исполнять; контракт, который дает право, но не обязательство купить (опцион "колл") или продать ("пут") товар или финансовый инструмент в течение некоторого срока по оговоренной цене (см. exercise price/ strike price) в обмен на уплату определенной суммы; опционные сделки проводятся с ценными бумагами, товарами, контрактами на базе различных индексов цен; цена опциона определяется комбинацией срока, неустойчивости, уровня цены инструмента в основе контракта; большинство опционов используется для хеджирования и спекуляции и редко исполняются; см. at the money;
call option;

covered option;

in the money;

naked option;

option writer;

out of the money;

put option;
3) в конвертируемом облигационном займе: право купить ценные бумаги эмитента на оговоренных условиях в обмен на конвертируемые облигации; 4) в организации эмиссии ценных бумаг: право участника синдиката на дополнительную квоту; 5) право служащего компании на приобретение ее акций на определенных условиях; см. incentive stock option;
stock option.

* * *

1) выбор; 2) опцион; 3) выборы

* * *

Опцион
. Контракт, дающий своему обладателю право, не порождая обязательства, купить или продать некоторый актив по определенной цене в течение фиксированного периода времени. . The right to buy (or sell) or lease a property at a certain price for a limited period of time. For example, you pay $2,000 for a option to purchase 20 acres of land for $200,000. The option expires in one year. Depending on the terms, you may or may not be able to sell the option. Глоссарий по опционам .
* * *

Контракты

опцион

право выбора способа, формы, объема, техники использования обязательства, предоставленное одной из сторон условиями договора (контракта) или право отказа от выполнения обязательства при обстоятельствах, обусловленных договором

-----

Инвестиционная деятельность

опцион; сделка с премией

право на продажу или покупку биржевого товара или ценных бумаг в фиксированном объеме к определенной дате по цене использования опциона

-----

Ценные бумаги/Биржевая деятельность

опцион

договорное обязательство купить или продать определенный вид ценностей или финансовые права по установленной в момент заключения сделки цене и в согласованные сроки, при этом в обмен на полученные права покупатель продавцу уплачивает премию

Англо-русский экономический словарь > option
17 model

n

1) модель, образец

2) модель, тип, марка конструкции

- activity analysis model
- advertising model
- aggregate econometric model
- allocation model
- approved model
- backlogging model
- bargaining model
- basic model
- basic decision model
- behavioral model
- bidding model
- bid price determination model
- bilateral monopoly model
- binomial model
- buffer-stock model
- business cycle model
- capital asset pricing model
- closed model
- collective risk model
- company model
- competition model
- competitive model
- continuous-time model
- control model
- corporate financial model
- cost model
- cost benefit model
- cost effectiveness model
- cost minimizing model
- cut-away model
- decision model
- decision theory model
- demonstration model
- discreet-time model
- distributed lag model
- double-risk model
- dynamic model
- dynamic sequential model
- econometric model
- economic growth model
- estimation model
- expanded model
- expected cost model
- expected value model
- experimental model
- export model
- feasibility model
- financial model
- fixed-service-level model
- forecasting model
- full-scale model
- functional model
- game model
- generalized model
- growth model
- industrial model
- in-process inventory model
- input-output model
- inspection model
- inventory model
- jazz model
- large-scale model
- learning model
- linear model
- long-range transport model
- loss transfer model
- lot-size model
- low-volume model
- macrolevel model
- marketing model
- market split model
- master model
- mathematical model
- maximum reliability model
- migration model
- modern model
- multicommodity model
- multicontract bidding model
- multiechelon model
- multiplier model
- multiproduct model
- multisectoral model
- multistage model
- network model
- new model
- obsolete model
- one-commodity model
- one-product model
- open model
- out-of-date model
- planning model
- prediction model
- preference model
- price adjustment model
- price breaks model
- price speculation model
- probability model
- production model
- production scheduling model
- profitability model
- programming model
- queueing model
- reduced model
- reduced-scale model
- registered model
- replacement model
- return model
- sampling model
- scale model
- scheduling model
- service model
- shortage model
- shortest-route model
- simulation model
- single period model
- single product model
- single purchase model
- single-stage model
- software model
- statistical model
- stockage model
- storage model
- test model
- trade-cycle model
- traffic model
- transportation model
- transhipment model
- up-to-date model
- utility model
- working model
- model of export-driven growth
- modify a model
- test a model

English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > model
18 turn

1. n с. -х. оборот пласта

grand turn in back hang — большой оборот назад в висе сзади

grand Russian turn — большой оборот вперед в висе сзади

turn count — определение числа оборотов гребного вала

take a turn to the worse — принимать дурной оборот

the turn of a dial — оборот наборного диска

2. n вращение; вращательное движение

flank turn — движение с поворотом

turn motion — поворотное движение

turn rate — угловая скорость вращения

3. n авт. разворот

boot-leg turn — разворот с остановками

base turn procedure — схема разворота на посадочную прямую

turn selector switch — переключатель режима разворота

three-point turn — поворот или разворот в три приёма

outside turn — разворот с креном от центра разворота

tightening the turn — увеличение крутизны разворота

4. n поворот, место поворота

a turn at the corner — поворот на углу

back turn — поворот назад

turn angle — угол поворота

about turn — поворот кругом

sharp turn — крутой поворот

waltz turn — поворот вальса

5. n изгиб

a turn in a river — излучина реки

6. n поворот; поворотный пункт; порог, конец

at the turn of the century — на пороге нового столетия

abrupt turn — крутой поворот

inward turn — поворот внутрь

make a turn — делать поворот

sharp turn — крутой поворот

turn table — поворотный стол

7. n поворот; отклонение, отступление

the story has so many twists and turns that the reader becomes lost — в рассказе столько поворотов и отступлений, что читатель совершенно теряется

undercast with half turn — мах дугой с поворотом на 180 град

long fly with half turn vault — лет с поворотом на 180 град

back shears with half turn — обратное скрещение с поворотом

straddle turn on the beam — поворот в упоре ноги врозь вне

somersault with full turn — сальто c поворотом на 360 град

8. n изменение направления

turn of the tide — смена приливо-отливного течения

flight corrective turn — доворот для коррекции направления

9. n смена, перемена курса

turn for the better — перемена к лучшему

teardrop turn — разворот на посадочный курс

turn of tidal stream — смена приливного течения

turn in the market — перемена в конъюнктуре рынка

10. n перемена, изменение

the turn of the seasons — смена времён года

the turn of affairs — оборот дел

the turns of fortune — превратности судьбы

a turn for the better — изменение к лучшему

the patient has taken a turn for the better — больному стало лучше

to take a bad turn — принять дурной оборот

turn for the worse — перемена к худшему

11. n очередь

in its turn — в свою очередь

in turn, by turns, turn and turn about — по очереди

laughing and crying in turn — то смеясь, то плача

he went hot and cold by turns — его бросало то в жар, то в холод

out of turn — вне очереди

to take turns — делать по очереди; чередоваться, сменяться

my turn will come! — придёт и мой черёд!; я ещё своё возьму!; я ещё своего добьюсь!

by turn — по очереди

in turn — по очереди

turn time — время очереди

it is my turn — моя очередь

in their turn — в свою очередь

12. n очередной номер программы, выход; сценка, интермедия

short turns — короткие номера

variety turn — эстрадный номер

to turn the tide — изменить ход событий

rolling out the turn — выход из разворота

sortie from the turn — выход из циркуляции

recovery from the turn — выход из разворота

13. n исполнитель номера

14. n короткая прогулка, поездка

to take a turn, to go for a turn — пройтись

short turn maneuverability — маневренность на коротких поворотах

15. n короткий период деятельности

a turn of work — небольшая работа, немного работы

to take a turn at the oars — немного погрести вёслами

to take a turn at gardening — немного поработать в смена

16. n особенность, характерная черта; склад

a serious turn of mind — серьёзный ум

the corners of his mouth began to turn down — уголки его рта опустились

17. n стиль, манера; интерпретация

she gave the sonata a new turn — она сыграла сонату по-новому

18. n способность; дар; жилка

a turn for affairs — деловая жилка

to turn away a blow — отвести удар

to turn aside the blow — отвести удар

19. n строение, форма

the turn of an ankle — форма лодыжки

work and turn — устройство для печатания на двух сторонах листа с одной формы

20. n построение

21. n оборот

a turn of speech — оборот речи

turn of a bandage — оборот бинта

the turn of a wheel — оборот колеса

take a bad turn — принять плохой оборот

take a good turn — принять хороший оборот

22. n разг. приступ, припадок, вспышка

a turn of anger — припадок гнева

23. n разг. потрясение, шок

to have a turn — испытать шок

24. n разг. менструация

25. n бирж. акт купли-продажи

26. n бирж. прибыль от купли или продажи ценных бумаг

jobber's turn — курсовая прибыль

turn on or off — включать или выключать

to toss and turn — метаться в постели или во сне

27. n бирж. оборот капитала

28. n бирж. разница между курсом покупателей и курсом продавцов

turn lead angle — угол упреждения при развороте

climbing turn — разворот при наборе высоты

joining turn — разворот на курс полета

29. n бирж. полигр. марашка

30. n ж. -д. обходный путь

to turn to crime — стать на путь совершения преступлений

31. n ж. -д. виток

coil turn indicator — указатель витков катушки

screening turn — экранирующий виток

32. n ж. -д. муз. группетто

разворот

turn of the tide — заметное изменение к лучшему, перемена судьбы

turn of life — переходный период, климактерий

to a turn — точно; как нужно

done to a turn — зажарено как раз в меру

at every turn — на каждом шагу; повсюду, постоянно; каждый раз

travelling through Europe we kept meeting Americans at every turn — путешествуя по Европе, мы на каждом шагу встречали американцев

33. v поворачивать

to turn a key — повернуть ключ

he turned the knob and the door opened — он повернул ручку, и дверь открылась

he turned his chair to the fire — он повернул стул к огню

turn on one's heels — круто поворачиваться

turn round — оборачиваться; поворачиваться

turn with the wind — поворачивать по ветру

turn aside — отклонять; поворачивать в сторону

turn the clock back — поворачивать стрелки назад

34. v отворачивать, отводить

she turned her face and wept — она отвернулась и зарыдала

turn away — отворачивать; отклонять

turn outbound — отворачивать на радиомаяк

35. v вращать

to turn a wheel — вращать колесо

to turn a handle — крутить ручку

36. v обёртывать, наматывать

he had a snake turned round his arm — вокруг его руки обвилась змея

37. v вращаться

the Earth turns round the Sun — Земля вращается вокруг Солнца

to turn around — вращаться

38. v кружиться

heights make my head turn — высота вызывает у меня головокружение

39. v переворачивать

to turn the leaves of a book — переворачивать страницы книги, листать книгу

to turn pancakes — переворачивать оладьи

40. v переворачиваться

to turn in bed — вертеться в постели

turn over — переворачивать

41. v опрокидывать; переворачивать вверх дном

to turn a decanter — опрокинуть графин

42. v выкладывать, выпускать

to turn the dough onto a board — выложить тесто на доску

turn loose — отпускать; выпускать

to turn out goods — выпускать товары

to turn out electricians — выпускать электриков

to turn out beautiful fabrics — выпускать прекрасные ткани

43. v загибать; закручивать; отгибать

his moustaches were turned and curled — его усы были подкручены и завиты

44. v загибаться; закручиваться; отгибаться

turn up — поднимать вверх; загибать

45. v направляться

to turn to the right — пойти направо

to turn west — направиться на запад

not to know which way to turn — не знать, куда идти

46. v поворачиваться

it is time to turn now if we wish to get home in time for dinner — пора поворачивать назад, если мы хотим поспеть к обеду

turn the half-circle — поворачиваться на 180 градусов

turn in succession — поворачиваться последовательно

turn a half-circle — поворачиваться на 180 градусов

turn against the wind — поворачивать против ветра

turn leeward — поворачивать под ветер

47. v отклонять, менять направление

to turn the course of a river — изменить течение реки

to turn the course of history — изменить ход истории

to turn a blow — отвести удар

to turn an attack — отбить атаку

to turn the tide — изменить ход событий

to turn the enemy — обратить неприятеля в бегство

to turn the mob — заставить толпу отступить

be on the turn — меняться

to turn down — отклонять, отвергать

turn thumbs down — решительно отклонять

turn down a resolution — отклонять резолюцию

turn down an invitation — отклонять приглашение

48. v отклоняться, менять направление

the river turns here — здесь река поворачивает

to turn in an old car for a new model — обменять старую машину на новую модель

49. v нацеливать, направлять

to turn the telescope on a star — навести телескоп на звезду

50. v огибать, обходить

to turn a corner — поворачивать за угол

turn the flank — обходить фланг

51. v точить, обтачивать на токарном станке

to turn a candlestick out of brass — вытачивать медный подсвечник

turn shaft end for end — обтачивать вал от торца до торца

turn on the lathe — обрабатывать на токарном станке

turn undercut — обтачивать наружную выточку

turn bench — настольный токарный станок

turn smoothly — обтачивать начисто

52. v поддаваться обработке на токарном станке, поддаваться токарной обработке

to turn well — хорошо точиться

part turn around time — время полной обработки детали

turn around time — длительность цикла обработки

53. v оттачивать, придавать завершённую форму

to turn a compliment — сделать тонкий комплимент

54. v редк. менять; действовать

his speech turned my thinking — то, что он сказал, заставило меня изменить свою точку зрения

55. v редк. изменяться, подвергаться изменению

manners turn with time — с временами меняются и нравы

take a turn for the better — изменяться к лучшему

56. v редк. обращать в другую веру

turn upon — обращаться; обратиться

turn off the runway — сходить с ВПП

turn the other cheek — подставлять другую щеку

does it serve your turn — это вам подходит; это вам годится

57. v редк. обращаться в другую веру, менять религию

to turn the room upside down — привести комнату в беспорядок, перевернуть всё в комнате

58. v редк. изменять, предавать

59. v редк. редк. вызывать тошноту

onions turn me — от лука меня начинает тошнить

60. v редк. уст. иметь противоположный результат

how did the game turn out? — чем закончилась игра?, каков результат встречи?

Синонимический ряд:

1. action (noun) action; deed; service

2. alteration (noun) alteration; fluctuation

3. angle (noun) angle; bow; flection; flexure; turning

4. arc (noun) arc; curve; twist

5. attack (noun) access; attack; fit; seizure; throe

6. bend (noun) bend; deflection; double; shift; tack; yaw

7. bent (noun) aptitude; bent; bias; disposition; inclination; leaning; partiality; penchant; predilection; predisposition; proclivity; proneness; propensity; squint; talent; tendency

8. chance (noun) chance; opportunity; stint

9. deviation (noun) change; deviation; variation; vicissitude

10. drive (noun) drive; ride; spin

11. gift (noun) aptness; bump; faculty; flair; genius; gift; head; knack; nose; set

12. go (noun) bout; go; hitch; innings; spell; time; tour; trick; watch

13. move (noun) adjustment; manoeuvre; move; movement

14. need (noun) exigency; necessity; need; requirement

15. reversal (noun) about-face; changeabout; inversion; reversal; reverse; reversement; reversion; right-about; right-about-face; turnabout; volte-face

16. revolution (noun) circle; circuit; circulation; circumvolution; cycle; gyration; gyre; orbit; revolution; revolve; rotation; tour; twirl; wheel; whirl

17. round (noun) crook; curvature; round

18. trend (noun) direction; drift; trend

19. walk (noun) constitutional; hike; ramble; saunter; stroll; walk

20. become (verb) become; come; get; go; grow; refer; repair; resort to; run; wax

21. bend (verb) angle; bend; curve; deflect; deviate; dodge; refract; swerve; veer

22. break (verb) break; plough; turn over

23. change (verb) alter; change; convert; metamorphose; modify; mutate; refashion; transfer; transform; transmute; turn into; vary

24. circle (verb) circle; circumduct; gyrate; gyre; revolve; roll; rotate; twirl; wheel

25. decay (verb) break down; corrupt; crumble; decay; decompose; deteriorate; disintegrate; molder; moulder; putrefy; putresce; rot; spoil; taint

26. defect (verb) apostatize; defect; desert; rat; renounce; repudiate; tergiversate; tergiverse

27. direct (verb) aim; cast; direct; head; incline; lay; level; point; present; set; train; zero in

28. distract (verb) derange; distract; disturb; infatuate; infuriate

29. dull (verb) blunt; disedge; dull; obtund

30. give (verb) address; apply; buckle; concentrate; dedicate; devote; focus; give

31. reverse (verb) invert; reverse; transpose

32. sheer (verb) avert; divert; pivot; redirect; re-route; sheer; shift; swing; swivel; volte-face; wheel; whip

33. upset (verb) disorder; unhinge; unsettle; upset

34. wrench (verb) sprain; wrench

English-Russian base dictionary > turn
19 ups and downs

1) подъёмы и спуски, неровности местности, ухабы

He had forgotten that the road was dusty, bumpy, narrow, twisting and full of ups and downs, which slowed them down continuously. (R. Aldington, ‘All Men Are Enemies’, part IV, ch. V) — Он забыл, что дорога тут пыльная, кочковатая, узкая и извилистая, с бесконечными подъемами и спусками и что все это замедляет езду.

2) превратности судьбы, удачи и неудачи, радость и горе, взлёты и падения (часто ups and downs of fortune, of life, etc.)

I've had ups in my life, and I've had downs... (A. C. Doyle, ‘The Sign of Four’, ch. XII) — Я столько испытал в жизни...

With many ups and downs he was after six months, in sight of his goal. (W. Du Bois, ‘Mansart Builds a School’, ch. XI) — Спустя полгода, после многих удач и провалов, он почти накопил желаемую сумму.

Every mountain also has its valley. This certainly is true of capitalist production, the history of which is characterized by recurring cyclical economic crises. Although once again we are being assured that this time the "ups" and "downs" of the economic cycle have been flattened out into just a series of "ups". (G. Green, ‘The Enemy Forgotten’, ch. V) — Хребтов без долин не бывает. Эта истина относится также и к капиталистическому производству, история которого характеризуется периодически повторяющимися циклическими экономическими кризисами, хотя нас снова уверяют в том, что на этот раз все "взлеты" и "падения" экономического цикла выровнены в одну сплошную серию "взлетов".

3) повышение и понижение ( цен)

If... you analyse the movement of market prices for longer periods... you will find that the fluctuations of market prices, their deviations from values, their ups and downs, paralyse and compensate each other. (K. Marx, ‘Wages, Price and Profit’, ch. VI) — Если... вы проанализируете движение рыночных цен за более продолжительные периоды... то вы найдете, что колебания рыночных цен, их отклонения от стоимостей, их повышения и понижения компенсируют друг друга.

Large English-Russian phrasebook > ups and downs
20 inventory

1. сущ.
1) эк. опись, список, реестр (список всех активов с указанием стоимости каждого; напр., список всех активов физического лица, предъявляемый при подаче заявления на получение кредита, список всего имущества, находящегося в здании, и т. п.)

to make an inventory of all property — провести опись всего имущества

2)

а) учет, часто мн. товарно-материальные запасы, материально-производственные запасы (совокупность всех запасов предприятия, включая запасы сырья и материалов, запасы комплектующих и полуфабрикатов, запасы незавершенного производства и запасы готовой продукции)

inventory account — счет запасов

to build up inventories — создавать товарно-материальные запасы

Syn:

stock-in-trade 1)

See:

inventory accounting, inventory adjustment, inventory analysis, inventory balance, inventory book, inventory cost, inventory carrying cost, inventory control card, inventory control chart, inventory costing, inventory cutoff, inventory cycle, inventory department, inventory equation, inventory in stock, inventory ledger, inventory method, inventory observation, inventory ordering cost, inventory price index, inventory pricing, inventory valuation, inventory valuation adjustment, inventory value, inventory profit, inventory reserve, inventory shortage, inventory shrinkage, inventory status file, inventory taking, inventory turnover, goods-in-process inventory, final goods, factory order 3) raw materials inventory, wholesale inventory, inventory manager

б) эк. инвентарь; запас, резерв (в самом широком смысле: все, что хранится на складе; наличные товары)

inventory of materials — запас материалов

inventory of goods for resale — запас товаров для перепродажи

in inventory — в запасе, в наличии

to reduce (an) inventory (by having a sale) — уменьшить число наименований (проведя распродажу)

Where item(s) ordered are not in inventory, we will e-mail you and communicate the estimated lead time. — Если заказанного товара/заказанных товаров нет в наличии, сообщим вам о предполагаемом сроке реализации заказа по электронной почте.

Syn:

implements, stock 1), storage 6), store 1)

в) фин. портфель [резерв\] ценных бумаг* (совокупность ценных бумаг, находящихся в ведении или принадлежащих данному лицу, напр., ценные бумаги, которые брокер или дилер держат для перепродажи)

inventory of securities — резерв ценных бумаг

Orders for stocks that can't be matched are sent to market makers for execution, or we will execute the orders using our own inventory of securities. — Приказы на акции, которые не могут быть выполнены, отправляются на исполнение маркет-мейкерам, либо мы сами выполняем эти приказы, используя наш собственный резерв ценных бумаг.

See:

investment portfolio, security 5), broker, dealer

3) учет, упр. = stocktaking 1),

annual inventory — сплошная инвентаризация в конце отчетного года

days of inventories — период инвентаризации

to make [take\] an inventory (of) — производить учет (чего-л.)

closed for inventory — закрыто на переучет

Take an inventory of everything you own. — Проведите инвентаризацию всего своего имущества.

4) общ. вопросник; анкета

Syn:

questionnaire
2. гл.
учет, упр. составлять опись [перечень, реестр\] (напр., каких-л. активов); инвентаризировать

Your first task is to inventory all assets that you and your spouse acquired during the marriage. — Ваша первоочередная задача — составить перечень всех активов, которые вы и ваш(а) супруг(а) приобрели за время брака.

* * *
запасы: 1) стоимость запасов товаров, сырья, продукции в процессе работы и готовой продукции компании; см. FIFO;
LIFO;
2) портфель ценных бумаг физического лица; 3) список всех активов физического лица с указанием стоимости каждого (обычно для получения страховки или кредита); 4) нетто-позиция биржевого брокера или дилера по ценным бумагам; также ценные бумаги, купленные дилером для последующей перепродажи.
* * *

Товарно-материальные запасы/нетто-позиция биржевого брокера/портфель ценных бумаг
. Для компаний - сырье и товары, продажа которых возможна, или которые находятся в процессе подготовки к продаже. Каждый из товаров может оцениваться индивидуально различными способами, включая себестоимость или текущую рыночную стоимость, а также в совокупности различными методами, например, FIFO ('первым пришел - первым ушел') или LIFO ('последним пришел - первым ушел'). При выборе из нескольких полученных альтернативных значений, как правило, используется меньшее значение стоимости во избежание завышения доходов и активов. Для инвестиционных компаний - приобретенные ценные бумаги, которые брокер или дилер держат для перепродажи . инвентарная ведомость Инвестиционная деятельность .
* * *

Ценные бумаги/Биржевая деятельность

1. оборотные фонды

Ценные бумаги/Биржевая деятельность

2. портфель ценных бумаг

Англо-русский экономический словарь > inventory

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

Market analysis for product software — consists of a number of techniques that allow an organization to collect and disseminate information from their external environment of software products for use in determining their market strategy and actions. For example, market analysis helps … Wikipedia
cycle — cy‧cle [ˈsaɪkl] noun [countable] a series of events that happen in an order that regularly repeats itself: • Approved Training Practices are monitored by the Association on a five year cycle. ˈbilling ˌcycle ACCOUNTING the usual time that is… … Financial and business terms
Market Intelligence — (often contracted to MARKINT) is a relatively new intelligence discipline that exploits open source information gathered from global markets. It relies solely on publicly available information such as market prices and ancillary economic and… … Wikipedia
Market gardening — Market garden redirects here. For the World War II operation, see Operation Market Garden. In agriculture, market gardening is the relatively small scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to… … Wikipedia
Cycle of the Werewolf — First edition cover … Wikipedia
Market trends — In investing, financial markets are commonly believed to have market trends [ [http://www.investorwords.com/5067/trend.html Investorswords.com] , retrieved 30 May 2007.] that can be classified as primary trends, secondary trends (short term), and … Wikipedia
Market trend — Statues of the two symbolic beasts of finance, the bear and the bull, in front of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. A market trend is a putative tendency of a financial market to move in a particular direction over time.[1] These trends are… … Wikipedia
Market Harborough — Coordinates: 52°28′39″N 0°55′14″W / 52.4775°N 0.9206°W / 52.4775; 0.9206 … Wikipedia
Market Rasen — Coordinates: 53°23′14″N 0°20′08″W / 53.38713°N 0.33550°W / 53.38713; 0.33550 … Wikipedia
Market garden — A market garden on an outlying island of Hong Kong For the Second World War Allied military action, see Operation Market Garden. A market garden is the relatively small scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops, frequently… … Wikipedia
Cycle of poverty — In economics, the cycle of poverty is the set of factors or events by which poverty, once started, is likely to continue unless there is outside intervention. [1] The cycle of poverty has been defined as a phenomenon where poor families become… … Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на русский

time-to-market cycle

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на русский

time-to-market cycle

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: